Franz Clemens Brentano
(1838-1917)
Franz Brentano studied philosophy at the universities of Munich, Würzburg, Berlin (with Trendelenburg) and Münster. He had a special interest in Aristotle and scholastic philosophy. He wrote his dissertation in Tübingen On the manifold sense of Being in Aristotle.
Subsequently he began to study theology and entered the seminar in Munich and then Würzburg, preparing to become a Roman Catholic priest (ordained August 6, 1864). In 1865 - 1866 he writes and defends his habilitation essay and theses and begins to lecture at the university of Würzburg. His students in this period include among others Carl Stumpf and Anton Marty.
Between 1870 and 1873 Brentano is heavily involved in the debate on papal infallibility. As strong opponent of such a dogma, he eventually gives up his priesthood. Following his religious struggles, also Stumpf (who was studying at the seminar at the time) is drawn away from the church.
In 1874 he publishes his major work: "Psychology from an empirical standpoint" and from 1874 to 1895 he teaches at the university of Vienna. Among his students are Edmund Husserl, Alexius Meinong, Christian von Ehrenfels and many others (see School of Brentano for more details). While beginning his career as a full ordinary professor, he is forced to give up his Austrian citizenship and his professorship in 1880 to be able to marry. He is permitted to return to the university only as a Privatdozent.
After his retirement he moves to Florence in Italy and at the outbreak of the First World War he transfers to Zürich, where he dies in 1917.
Major Works of Franz Brentano
- On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle, 1862 (Brentano's
Berlin doctoral dissertation: a catalogue of the ways Aristotle says something
may be said to be; includes a classification and justification of the categories.)
- Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, 1874 (Brentano's
best-known and most influential work, though incomplete. Contains a defence
of psychology as an autonomous discipline, the famous delimitation of its
subject matter, mental phenomena, via intentional existence, and a threefold
classification of mental phenomena into ideas, judgments, and phenomena
of love and hate (interests), which include both feeling and will.)
- The Origin of our Knowledge of Right and Wrong, 1889 (Brentano's
ethics in a small compass, based on a theory of intrinsic value defined
in terms of correct interests and preferences, supplemented by a utilitarian
account of instrumental value.)
- The Four Phases of Philosophy and tts Present Status, 1926 (Brentano's
theory of the cyclical rise and decline of philosophy.)
- On the Existence of God, 1929 (Posthumously published
treatise setting oat Brentano's probabilistic proof for the existence of
God.)
- The True and the Evident, 1930 (A chronologically arranged
series of writings on truth, beginning with Brentano's somewhat half-hearted
espousal of a correspondence theory and ending with its rejection in favor
of the view that a true (correct) judgment is one which someone judging
with evidence would accept.)
- The Theory of Categories, 1933 (A miscellaneous collection
of late writings on categories and ontology, setting out Breutano's opposition
to Aristotle and his economical ontology of reism. Discusses meanings of
'be', substance and accident, relations and linguistic fictions.)
- The Foundation ant! Construction of Ethics, 1952 (Compiled
from the notes Brentano made for his enormously popular lectures on practical
philosophy in Vienna, 1876-94.)
- Philosophical Investigations on Space, Time, and the Continuum, 1976 (Subject
matter as the title describes: contains Brentano's account of time-consciousness,
his anti-Cantorian theory of the continuum and his unorthodox views on boundaries.)
- Descriptive Psychology, 1982 (Edited from Vienna lecture
notes: psychology from Brentano's influential middle period, when he had
distinguished descriptive psychology (phenomenology) from genetic psychology.)
Source:
Wikipedia
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