Reductionism (19TH CENTURY).
Also called mechanism, or mechanistic philosophy.
Associated with Carl Ludwig (1816-1895), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), Ernst von Briicke (1819-1892) and Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896).
The theory that life can be understood entirely in terms of the laws of physics and chemistry. Modern bioscience approaches biology from this perspective.
Compare with: vitalism
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