Theories of the development of some phenomenon (e.g. life consciousness) where something emerges out of a background from which it could not have been predicted and in terms of which it cannot be fully explained.
What emerges may be a law of nature, or a science, though this would normally be because of emergent properties in the relevant sphere.
The existence of emergence theories contrasts with reductionism in the relevant sphere.
Also see: holism, vitalism
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