Doctrine (or set of doctrines) stemming primarily from English jurist John Austin (1790-1859) in his The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832).
It emphasizes what the law actually is rather than what it should be: it cannot, like natural law, be defined by reference to its content, but is what is commanded by the sovereign.
Source:
H L A Hart, The Concept of Law (1961); see especially p. 253
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